Presentación del dispositivo de recogida de residuos de disparo diseñado por la Sección de Criminalística del Instituto de Toxicología / Presentation of the gunshot residues kit prepared by the Criminalistics Section of the Institute of Toxicology

Este trabajo presenta a la comunidad forense el nuevo Dispositivo de Recogida de Residuos de Disparo diseñado por la Sección de Criminalística del Instituto de Toxicología, Departamento de Madrid. Se describen los elementos que lo integran y el modo de empleo (AU)

Problemática de los orificios de salida atípicos / Problems related to the atypical exit gunshot wounds

En el examen de las heridas por arma de fuego es frecuente encontrar orificios de salida con características atípicas. Esta circunstancia puede introducir dudas sobre si una herida corresponde a una entrada o a una salida de proyectil, extremo de máxima importancia en el esclarecimiento de los hechos. En este trabajo exponemos la casuística del Departamento de Madrid del Instituto de Toxicología en este tipo de heridas, así como las causas por las que posiblemente se originaron (AU)

Effects of oxodipine and nitrendipine on the size of experimental myocardial infarct in the rat.

The protective effect of either oxodipine or nitrendipine (4 mg/kg/twice daily, orally), two dihydropyridines exhibiting calcium channel-blocking properties, against induced infarct-like lesions was examined. Experimental myocardial infarct-like lesions were induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg). The lesions were mainly located in subendocardial areas of the free wall of the left ventricle, and were intramural at the apex and ventricular septum. Pretreatment with oxodipine significantly reduced the infarct size in the apical and basal myocardium (P < 0.05). Possible explanations for the lack of effect of nitrendipine pretreatment are discussed.

A morphometrical method to estimate isoproterenol-induced infarct size in the rat.

A morphometrical method to quantify the geometrical distribution of ventricular necrosis induced in rat following the s.c. injection of isoproterenol was developed and tested. Each ventricle was divided into two portions, apical and basal, and then 10 microns thick sections of both portions were cut. Necrotic areas were detected with nitro blue tetrazolium. Total and necrotic areas were measured for each section. Thereafter, the total and necrotic volume were calculated assuming that the ventricles form a cone-like structure composed of successive frustum of a cone crowned by an apical cone. The study of volumes, necrotic and whole cardiac could be relevant for a more actual experimental comparison of the anti-ischemic drugs activity. Our results indicated that necrotic volume is unevenly distributed, especially at lower doses of isoproterenol treatment, being greater at the apical than at the basal portions of the ventricles. The importance of careful study of the ventricular apex is stressed. Potential sources of error in determining necrotic volume are discussed.